We combine in-situX-ray computed tomography (XRCT) and 3D X-ray diffraction (3DXRD) towe measure cement paste strain fields, quantify the nucleation and growth of fractures, and measure full stresstensors in∼40 sand particles embedded in the cement paste of a concrete sample compressed to failure. Themeasurements provide new insight into stress heterogeneity before and after sample fracture